Application for Rice Survivor Wet Season 2014

Yellow

Eight days after transplanting, we decided to go to the field to see what’s going on.

We were surprised to see that most of our plants have turned yellow. Even our fellow survivors were worried. After exchange of e-mails, we later found out that our plants are experiencing transplanting shock.  Seedlings are recovering from being pulled out of the soil in the nursery. They will be fine in a few weeks and only the weak seedlings will die.  Okay this seems to be problem solved, so need to worry.

Wait...

Some plants are missing.  I didn’t quite hear that. Could you say it again please?

SOME PLANTS ARE MISSING.

We thought that they might be submerged on the water. We drained the field a little bit and still our plants are nowhere to be seen. We tried to convince ourselves that the missing hills were caused by the mishaps of the mechanical transplanter. Totally draining the field revealed the culprit.

Snails, these tiny crawling creatures are the primary suspects for the loss of our plants.  They almost chomped on every rice leaf near the corners of our field. Due to their number and let’s not forget their enormous appetite for seedlings, some portions of our field have gone bald. 

The field was really in a bad shape. We better do something before it’s too late.

Miscalculation mayhem: A note on math and farming

Transplanting day

With members coming from different fields of expertise, we call our team Palay All Stars. Sounds like a powerhouse, eh? However, we had an early tumble at the first hurdle in rice planting: calculating the right amount of seed!

As new rice farmers, it is not in our tacit knowledge to easily give an estimate of how many kilos of seeds we need to sow, what sowing density to follow, and (blame the US and SI metric systems) how big our field is when converted from square meters to hectares (plus decimals and what other fraction—totally, not my language).

Confessions

It is not of pure genius why our rice field was planted on 30 x 30 cm spacing, with one - three plants per hill.

Sure, wider spacing is good for plant nutrition by reducing overcrowding and competition; it also meant we sowed fewer seeds which lessened our costs. But there’s a backstory to that—

We first realized that something was wrong on transplanting day, when we were basically told by the ES team that we did not have enough seedling trays to plant our field with the mechanical transplanter! According to ES, for the size of survivor fields, they usually prepare 25 trays for sowing. We only had 20—ten each for SL8 and 238.

Wider plant spacing

Needless to say, we were stressed after our first 15 min in the field. How are we going to get five more miracle trays? Do we actually need them? Team RICEsilient who planted on the same day were also short of trays, but they had more than 20 already.

For a good 30 min, we were discussing and trying to re-compute. (This extended to email exchanges until our realization a couple or more of weeks afterwards.)

We concluded, “We should be fine”.

After some helpful advice from the ES team, we decided to plant with wider spacing and lesser plants per hill.

We remained curious though. Our former selves believed our computation for seeding rate and sowing density was smooth. However, we made our calculations just before the Christmas break when we were preoccupied with travel plans and trying to get other work finished before the long break.

We were pretty sure we only need 2 kg of seeds for the whole field. To have some extra, we prepared 4 kg (luckily, this was our saving grace!).  We are still not exactly sure of what went wrong with our calculations, but here is one possible scenario: 

• Our field’s size is 1500 sq m
• That means it’s 0.15 ha
• That’s about 1/15 of a hectare
• For easier computation, let’s use 1/15
• That’s 0.07 ha
• Forget about the previous conversions to not confuse
• 4 kg for 0.07 ha should be more than enough

If you spotted the error, good! We’re on the same boat (now). Otherwise, think again.

Let’s go back to bullet #2, that’s the conversion we want, which equals 1/7th ha.

Despite the miscalculations— our precautionary act has become beneficial in terms of crop management. The space allowed us to create canals to allow quick drainage for snail control, weed the field using push weeders quite easily; and in the days to come, this should allow our plants to grow bigger and with more tillers.

Lessons

Mechanical transplanting

“A man must be big enough to admit his mistakes, smart enough to profit from them, and strong enough to correct them”, says the John Maxwell.

Because of some re-computation for fertilizer application, we figured what was wrong. Of course we still want to make profit (higher rice yield) despite the simple math confusion ;)

With relief, the now wiser Palay All Stars, outlines some points to remember for future Rice Survivors:

• Make sure you get all the data for computation correctly.
• Do not rush through calculations related to field inputs
• Check, and double check.
• Then double check computations with ES.
• One hectare requires 18-25 kg of seeds if mechanically transplanting,  to transplant a Survivor field, you need about 4 kg (not 2 kg). Sow a few more kilos in case you need to replant; safe number would be 6 kg.
• If still confused, ask.

However, you may have noticed that there is still one more mathematical issue that needs resolving: The recommended seed rate for mechanical transplanting as mentioned above is 18-25 kg. We sowed 4 kg of seed for 0.15 ha which multiplied by 7 actually equals 28 kg seed per ha, which is more than the recommended rate. But, we still did not have enough trays for one field, let alone enough for spare!

This may be because the recommended rates for mechanical transplanting are incorrect or the seed tray sowing densities were too high, resulting in not enough trays for one field? We are still not clear on this, but it seems that high seed sowing densities are required for mechanical transplanting to allow the machine to pick up enough seedlings on each round. Thus, requiring more seed!

All in all, what we have learnt is that computations are essential in rice production. It will determine how much you’ll spend and invest for your field—consequently; proper allocation of resources (not too much, not too little) can make farming more profitable.

Hopefully, this lucky mistake will turn out well for our rice plants :)

An update from the last field on the Rice Survivor street: Palay All Stars

After having filled the seed trays on 27 December with our chosen varieties SL8 and 238, mechanical transplanting took place on the 17^th of January. As we decided as a group to grow our crop ecologically and pesticide free, we did not to use any molluscicides and instead attempted to protect our seedlings from snails by getting muddy and manually collecting them. 

Team on snail hunt

Alex sharing his knowledge on snails
with the other rice survivors

In early December, to prevent the snail population growing further, we had already drowned lots of pretty coloured pink eggs in the water. 

Amazingly well over 10 kg (!) of snails were still collected   in January before planting.

One of the first challenges we gave ourselves was to use a low amount of seed: 26 kg/ha (slight miscalculation of the field size and miscommunication of sowing rates!). If we were manually transplanting, this would have been ok, especially for the hybrid variety which grows well at low densities. However, mechanical transplanting requires high densities of seeds (1kg/m²) on the seed trays to allow the machine to pick some up each time. A lesson we learnt the hard way after coming back from our Christmas break. Due to the high seed densities sowed, we didn’t have enough seed trays to cover the whole field using the transplanter. So, to account for this, we had to plant with extra spaces between rows.  Even though this was not a deliberate choice, we hope the plants appreciate the additional space and the fact that they do not have to compete with many other rice plants on their hill.

Mechanical transplanter

The next challenge came with water management! Common practice is to flood the field after fertilisation. Palay All Stars did not plant a Sub1 variety but due to some irrigation miscommunication our little seedlings had to learn how to live under water over a long weekend. As if that was not tough enough for our little plants, the water also helped the remaining snails to get around the field and help themselves to some leaves for their dinner. As the water was left on over a weekend, a lot may have overflowed into the drainage, potentially taking some of the fertiliser with it. Luckily we used the rotary weeder after fertilisation, which helped to incorporate the fertiliser into the soil. This means we have not lost all the fertiliser nor polluted the surface water too much!

Swe and Alex replanting

As we did not have much spare seed, some seedlings were taken from busy hills (you can easily separate the roots without damaging after ‘washing’ them in the water so the mud comes off) and replanted where snails or flood had caused gaps.

Our field looks a bit sad compared to the neighbours but on the bright side, there is not much food for rats so they may go elsewhere too!

  

Photo taken 4 February 2014

Photo taken 14 February 2014

RICEsilient Replanting...

Mechanical transplanting is a great way to save time when getting your seedlings on the field, but the technology is not perfect. Sometimes the machine misses out on one hill or another and you end up with nice little holes between your rows of rice plants.

The other teams had already taken care of this problem by manually replanting seedlings onto the left-out hills. Following the peer pressure, the members of team RICEsilient met this morning for some early morning fieldwork.
Wading through the mud between our rows, we filled up the spots and also got a chance to have a closer look at our plants. We discovered first weeds, smaller and bigger snails, and these bubblegum beauties:

What is pink and has no business in our field? ...snail eggs!

If there is anything we may thank the golden apple snail for, it is that its eggs come in this easily detectable colour. Just imagine these things were green or brown - hallelujah!
After two hours of bending, spotting and planting our field was back to lovely straight lines again. Bliss for an OCD like me.

Ahhh...

Quite a relaxing way to start the day, I've got to admit. Not to mention the free mud pack foot spa treatment that came with it :)

A rice survivor participant tells her story: transplanting rice mechanically could be fun the second time around*

It’s transplanting time for Team B-IRRI-Ani. We were supposed to transplant on January 2, but when we went to the Experiment Station, the wetland leveler would still have to be done.  So we were advised to come back on January 3, 730 AM.

I took a deep breath because this is the second time I will be transplanting. The first one was way, way back in the late 90s during my Sophomore year (and I dreaded that activity). That time, I did manual transplanting in a very small plot (I guess, four times smaller than our plot now). This time, it will be a mechanical transplanter—the mechanical transplanter I presented during Women’s Day last March 2013. During that event, I convinced visitors that women can operate the machine (coming from the perspective of a former female Rice Survivor participant). But to advocate the use of the machine is a different story. I need a first-hand experience of what I tell the visitors, especially the farmers. I feel like I really need to experience it in order to walk the talk. And of course, that’s an added advantage to my Postharvest Unit group to give them feedback if the machines that we promote are indeed easy to operate by first time and women users.

So I went first to the field.  There’s the fear of using a machine. There are a lot of controls and all. But, the ES workers had my back. They helped me operate. Since they did the first three rows, I decided to give it a try on the fourth pass (which will be my first). What I learned from the pros (kabesilya workers):

• Look at the field straight ahead and not on the adjacent rows because you will lose grip on the handles and you will swerve to the left or right.

• Don’t get intimidated using the machine. It’s much like driving. But I am sure that even non drivers would find it easy to operate

• Don’t grip the handles firmly. Just grasp the handle and let the machine glide smoothly.

My added best practices:

• Stand straight, don’t arch your back. Take a inhale, short intervals of exhales; it will calm your nerves (because I was so scared to create a skewed rows of rice tillers

• Think that you have back up. You requested in OCS to have back up (hehe). ES guys have your back. If the pattern is swerved, apologize and charge it to experience (hey, you are a first time rice planter). Really, that’s part of life.

• The turnaround points where there are unplanted hills? The manual transplanting will do the trick so be ready for more back breaking work

The ES kuyas did the first few rows 

That's me trying to make it look easy. It is actually easy :) 

It's Hannah's turn now! I was cheering her "Go Hannah!"

I forgot to ask if Hannah found it easy to operate. But looks like she's not having problems here

The experience was surprisingly fun because: 1) This is not part of requirement for me to pass a course; 2)  You take in the fear and uncertainties of a rice planter (if not a farmer); you now have the added empathy for them; 3) You are able to capture significant learnings on the ground.

Hannah and I were so in the mood to plant and finish the field I did not take a break. It’s almost ten AM (the machine bogged down in the beginning so it took us longer than expected) and we briefly finished our work and waited for the workers to return from their morning break. Once they returned, we went back to our office and let them finish.

  

The turnaround points with no planted tillers? Do a manual transplanting instead. It's a good team building activity as well.

Now that we’re finished with the crop establishment, we are excited to proceed with the crop management. Hannah immediately used the Crop Manager and submitted the results to me. I passed it on to my group mates to help me check if we got accurate results before I file necessary OCS requests.  For now, another day has passed, and if in the actual field, I would have been coming home to a banquet of fellow farmers sharing bottles of locally- available cold beer to cap off the day.  In reality,  simply I went back to my office and updated my supervisor (Martin Gummert) that the machine did work and I can operate it (and so I can tell the visitors with confidence it is easy to use), and then immediately started my official work duties. My day has just begun. 

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* The title is adapted from IRRI Youtube video channel on "Farmers tell their stories"

Establishing a Nursery for B-IRRI-ANI

Since the holidays are coming, our team decided to grow our seeds over the vacation period. 

Our seeds were planted on their trays last December 16.

The seeds were not soaked and incubated, they were directly sown into the trays.This gives us 2-3 more days to transplant after two weeks from seeding. 

This gives us two options to have our transplanting date on either January 2 or 3. 
We decided to have it on the 3rd since most people just came back. :)

A tray of IR64 seeds.

IR64 seeds directly sown into the tray.

We had 24 trays for our 6 kg of seeds.
Those trays were covered with nets to protect the seedlings from being damaged.

We were asked to water those seeds thrice a day. Since one of us is staying for the holidays he volunteered to water them. What a relief! 


Day 3- December 19, 2013

 After 3 days some of the seeds started to germinate.

We also started our land preparation procedures. Our field was already rotovated yesterday.

This is a really fun experience. :)

We are so excited for transplanting!

Hope everything goes out well and our seedlings don't get sick.